GERUND, PRESENT, & PAST PARTICIPLE AS ADJECTIVE

GERUND

§         A gerund is a verb ending in "ing" that is used as a noun. possessive pronouns and nouns often precede gerunds. 

·         Example : My friends were annoyed by my singing.

Other examples of the gerund:

o    I like swimming. (direct object)

o    Swimming is fun. (subject)

o    I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)

Gerund clauses:

o    She is considering having a holiday.

o    Do you feel like going out?

o    I can't help falling in love with you.

o    I can't stand not seeing you.

PRESENT

§        A present participle is used with a verb "to be" to create progressive forms that show continuing action. the present participle is formed by adding -ing to the infinitive and the final consonant is sometime doubled.
It can also be used as an adjective.

Example.

• Walk to the right side of the parking lot.
• I fed the cat before leaving for school.
•  I help people
• I'M happy today
• You are busy now
• We are ready

Past Participle as Adjective

Past participle adjective is :

• indicates a past or completed action or time
• is formed from a verbusing the perfect aspect and the passive voice
• does not take objectan 
• is often called the -ed form
• often has the same form as the simple past of the verb 

Example :

• The bored student.
• The confused class. (all the students)
• The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)
• The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)